investigation on how to rewind a three-phase induction motor that will improve efficiency to reduce energy consumption
investigation on how to rewind a three-phase induction motor that will improve efficiency to reduce energy consumption
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
A squirrel cage induction motor was designed according to IEC standard with related output three phase 2.2kW, 4poles, 1420rpm rated speed and rated voltage 415v, 50Hz fail to operate properly due to supply voltage hardly rise above 380v. Using the multimeter to check the continuity of the motor winding from phase to phase and one of the fail continuity test, so the motor got burnt out from sustained thermal overload.
In this case proper refurbishment work must be done to make the motor healthier, machine calculation and workshop testing of the machine after the refurbishment work.
CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRIC MOTOR
Electric Motor
An electric motor Is divivded into A.C and D.C motors in electric motor energy is converted from one form to another.
Principle of electric motors
If a current carrying conductor is placed perpendicular to the magnetic field it experiences a force.
A.C MOTOR
A.C motor is an alternating current motor. In A.C motor electrical energy is converted to mechanical energy. And is divided into three part.
Synchronous motor.
Induction motor .
Linear motor.
Induction Motor
Induction motor are classified into three phase and single phase .
It is also known as asynchronous motor, because it operate at speed less than it synchronous speed.
It is the most common used A.C eleectric motor i.e 90% of industrial motor are induction type and also common for residential/domestic application.
Synchronous speed
This is the speed of rotation of the magnetic field in rotary machine and it depends upon the frequency and number of poles of the machine.
Working principle of induction motor
When supply is given to the stator windings a magnetic flux is produced in the stator due to the flow of current in the coil.
Three phase induction motor
The 3 phase phase induction motor it is the must widely usde motor for different kind of industrial drive.
Advantages of 3 phase induction motor
Easy to build and id cheaper than D.C or synchronous motors.
Induction motor is robust
Maintenance is easy and cost low.
Stable operation under load
Range in size from watt to megawatt
Disadvantage of 3 phase induction motor
it has low starting torque
draw large starting current
operate with a poor lagging power factor when lightly
3 phase induction motor formulae
Synchronous speed= 120f/p
Rotor speed = (1-S)Ns
Slip speed = Ns-Nr
%Slip =( Ns-Nr/Ns)100
Frequency of the rotor = Sf
Torque = kE2I2Cosβ2
Rotor efficiency = N/Ns
Part of 3 phase squirrel cage induction motor
Stator
The first part is stator it is the static part of motor and the outer part of it is called a frame. A frame of induction motor is generally made up of cast iron, it means molten iron is made to cold down in a mold to form this type of shape.
Figure 1: Stator Figure2: Frame
Stator core
The frame hold stator core made up of silicon steel to form the magnetic circuit of the stator
core, consist of slot on a inner periphery. However, this core look solid but it is formed by
many layers, each layers is called a lamination, having thickness less than 0.5mm, complete
core is called laminated core. The core is laminated to reduce eddy current losses.
Figure 3: stator core Figure4: Lamination Stator core
Stator winding
The stator consist of three winding, one for red, one for yellow, and one for red phase. All ends of the winding are brought together to the terminal box, so that they can be energize through external supply. The work of this winding is to produce rotating magnetic field.
Figure5: stator winding
Rotor
This is the rotating part of the motor and it develops mechanical power. There are two types of rotor squirrel cage rotor and phase wound rotor.
Squirrel cage rotor
It is made from thin lamination, slot are made on the outer periphery of the lamination while the shaft hold in the middle.
Figure6: Squirrel cage rotor
Rotor winding squirrel cage rotor
The winding is made from thin conductor bar which is of copper or aluminum and the both ends of the conductors are short circuited through circular rings, due to which the current generated in the winding remain circulated inside the circuit.
Figure8: Rotor winding squirrel cage rotor
Terminal box
This is where the end of the three windings are connected to the three phases supply at the terminal.
Figure 9: Terminal box
Covers and bearings
The covers hold the shaft on both side of the rotor, so that the rotor can rotate in the middle of the stator core. Both the two ending consist of high grade steel bearing so that the rotor get almost zero mechanical friction when rotating.
Figure 10: Cover Figure 11: Bearing
Fan and Cover
the fan helps the motor remain cool during working time and the blade are designed in such a way that they pull air from axial direction and throw it out in the radial direction.
Figure12: Fan Figure13: Fan Cover
connection of three phase induction motor
three phase induction motor can be connect in star connection as well as delta connection if there is six winding ends; R1,R2,Y1,Y2,B1,B2.
Delta connection
Connect U1 and W2 this fort line 1
connect U2 and V1 this form line 2
connect V2 and W1 this form line 3
star connection
connect W2 with U2 and V2 this forms neutral connection.
Connect U1,V1, and W1 to their respective lines this forms three different lines.
If you want to your induction motor to start on star winding and run on delta then you may use star delta starter.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
A 2.2-kW, 3-phase, 50Hz squirrel-cage induction motor originally designed for 380 V (A.C.) application got burnt out from over voltage condition. Because local supply voltage is higher than the machine rated voltage.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this research is
To investigate how to rewind a three-phase induction motor that will improve efficiency to reduce energy consumption.
The provision of information of good practice guides for local electrical technicians.
To adopt winding parameters relative to 380V (A.C)
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
The lowest cost method of reducing the starting
current for standard induction motors consists in applying
the line voltage to only a part of the winding at first, and
connecting the rest of the winding with a time delay.
Usually the three phase winding of the motor is designed
with two or more parallel circuits, either parallel paths or
parallel conductors, for each phase. The voltage is
applied initially only to one part of the winding, the entire
winding being energized few seconds later as the motor
started and attained the rated speed.
LIMITATION OF STUDY
Three phase 2.2kw, rated speed 1500rpm and related voltage 380v squirrel cage induction motor.
Based on traditional motor rewinding method.
Realization of 380v single layer lap types three phase stator winding.
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
Review of previous research
Single and three phase IMs represent 80% of electric motors (Yoon, Jeon&Kauh, 2002) and use up more than 54% of the world electric energy and more than 60% of the total U.S. electric energy (Yoon et al, 2002), (Fei, Fuchs & Huang, 1989). In addition, 60% of the electric power used in industry is consumed by three phase IMs (Kioskeridis&Margaris,1996). This large consumption is due to the large amount of reactive power required by IMs, hence high apparent power is drawn from the system and also due to the reduction in IMs efficiency and power factor (Razali, Abdalla, Ghoni&Venkataseshaiah, 2012), especially when they operate at light loads. Moreover, the wide spread use of re-wound IMs causes a large decrease in efficiency. Some winders use coils that have a number of turns or conductor cross-sectional area that is less than or greater than the origin ones (Prakash, Baskar, Sivakumar& Krishna, 2008). These winding deviations may lead to a decrease in motor impedance, which causes an increase in motor temperature. Improving the efficiency of three phase IMs, which is one of the objective of this research, plays a significant role in decreasing energy consumption. Different methods have been used for efficiency optimization. The simplest strategy to optimize three phase IM efficiency is to run and maintain the motor in star mode which results in reduction of input power. This simple method is not appropriate for high loads because when the motor runs at high loads with star connection, the motor current increases and the efficiency and power factor decrease (Ferreira &de Almeida, 2006). The magnetic material plays a big role in the efficiency enhancement of three phase IMs. using copper or premium steel rotor cage as an alternative to aluminum and standard steel cage results in improving three phase IMs performance. Also, this substitution lessens the stator coils temperature. (Parasiliti, Villani, Paris, Walti, Songini, Novello& Rossi, 2004). Consequently, less cooling effort will be needed. Internal and external methods are explained in (Yoon et al, 2002), where in the internal method; cooling air passes the air gap between the rotor and stator while passing over frame in the external method. This paper concludes that the effect of using the internal method is better compared to the external method in terms of reducing motor temperature, hence higher efficiency is obtained. The authors (Faiz&Sharifian, 1995) use a method called “Hooke-Jeeves” which is a computer program that finds an appropriate value of motor parameters such as outer and inner stator diameter, slot depth and stack length by adding small incremental changes to motor parameters. A comparison between initial and optimal parameters is explained in ( Faiz et al, 1995 ) where optimal parameters are better than the initial parameters in terms of efficiency and power factor optimization. Several control methods of three phase IMs have been applied to control motor speed. The scalar control or (v/f control) method that includes open and closed loop control is used in different research papers for the purpose of efficiency improvement (Famouri&Cathey, 1989).
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
Based on the applied techniques these
methods can be classified into two groups:
traditional and alternative.
Traditional techniques generally last long,
figure 7. To start the next phase one must wait
for the end of the previous, which can take
several hours. Traditional techniques require
higher operating temperatures and thus higher
insulation class rating. Higher operating
temperatures also increases pressure on the
mechanical components (such as bearings)
shortening their lifetime [18]. The alternative
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology
This chapter will cover the details explanation of methodology that will be used to make this research project complete and the method is use to achieve the objectives of the research project.
Data collection
They are two main source of data collection which are primary and secondary but for the purpose of this research work secondary data collection is use to gather data.
The secondary source of data collection comprise written literature studies, textbooks, journals and research papers gathered from libraries and internet. Within the data collection period I will find the study about rewinding three phase induction motor in the Internet and do some research about the project related and I will find out the component and other materials and some of equipment to be used.
Motor measurement details
First principle approach to cage motor stator refurbishment often involves measurement of the stator axial length and bore diameter, together with the slot, tooth and core dimensions. Essential measurements are also normally taken on the rotor. Of course, these measurements usually precede the actual machine calculations.
Machine calculations
The calculations leading to the choice of the number of poles, number of coils per phase per pole, number of phase groups, number of turns-in-series per phase, amongst other quantities, necessary for the realization of a 380 V(a.c.) double-layer lap-type 3-phase stator winding with a diamond overhang will be carried out.
Refurbishment work proper
Rewinding of stator
Preparation of Slots
Coil Production
Coil Insertion into Slots & Arrangement
Coil Lead Connections/Pre-Impregnation Tests
Impregnation and Drying of Winding
Machine Assembly Processes
Workshop testing of motor
Pre-Commissioning Tests/Checks
S/N
ACTION
RESULT
STANDARD
REMARK
1
Winding Insulation
Resistance Measurement @ 300C for 1 minute, with test voltage of 500V(d.c.).
i)Phase-to-Phase:
U1–V1=
V1–W1=
W1–U1=
ii)Phase-to-Frame:
U1–Frame =
V1–Frame =
1 min. value @ 400C not
less than (kV+1) MΩ or
not less than 1.96(kV+1) MΩ @ 300C [Enyong, 2004].
2
Continuity Check
U1 – U2 =
V1 – V2 =
W1 – W2 =
Continuous Circuit.
.
U1– V1&V2 =
U1– W1&W2 =
Open-circuit.
Test-Running (or Commissioning)/Checks;
S/N
ACTION
RESULTS OBSERVED
REMARKS
1)
330(a.c.) applied through ammeters to machine without load. This was the supply voltage level at the time.
i) Starting Current:
ii) Running Current:
iii) Running Speed:
2)
Watching out for unusual sound or vibration
3)
Checking for signs of overheating or burning
Proposed contribution
Voltage relay protection to protect supply system.
Vibration sensor to protect against bearing failure.
Check the temperature of the motor regularly and ensure the body of the motor is free from dust.
Reference
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